Nevertheless, the industry recognises that the future of urban road transport lies with ultra-low and zero emission vehicles. Operators and bus manufacturers are now developing the next generation of such vehicles that will help improve air quality and address climate change through carbon reduction. The challenge is to ensure that the UK can provide the technology which allows operators to continue to runcommercial, economic and efficient high frequency services for at least 21 (and ideally 24) hours a day. Support from government is needed to ensure the development of adequate technology, including battery life and charging points, to make this a reality.